1. Ngā pūwāhi whakaiti teitei i puta i te wā e whakatakotoria ana
I te wā e tāuta ana te taura whatu, inā koa i roto i te whakatakotoranga tika i runga i te roa o te 2–3 km, he maha ngā arai ka tūtakihia. He maha ngā kaimahi me ngā tawhiti roa e uru ana ki te hanganga, ā, he uaua ki te whakarite kia mahi tahi ngā kaimahi katoa. He tino raruraru tēnei ina haere ana i roto i ngā arai pēnei i ngā paipa maitai tiaki, ngā piko, ngā pari, me ngā huringa teitei. Nō reira, ka puta pea he āhuatanga e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "back buckling" (ngā piko mate), ka kino rawa atu ki te taura. Kia puta he piko mate, ka puta he pūwāhi whakaiti nui ki taua wāhi. I ngā wā tino kino, ka puta pea he whati wāhanga, he whati katoa rānei o te muka. He hapa noa tēnei i te wā e hanga ana i te taura whatu.
Hei tāpiritanga, i te wā e whakatakotoria ana te taura, ko ngā pito o te taura te mea tino ngoikore ki te pakaru. I te wā e honoa ana, ka puta he uara whakaheke teitei i te pūwāhi hono. Ahakoa i muri i te honoa honohono maha, kāore e taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga, ka hua ake he pūwāhi whakaheke nui.
2. Ngā pūwāhi whakaiti teitei i puta i te wā e honoa ana
He maha ngā wā ka puta ngā pūwāhi whakaiti teitei i te wā e honoa ana. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia he OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) hei aroturuki. Arā, i muri i te honoa o ia muka, ka whakamatautauria te uara whakaiti i te pūwāhi hono. I roto i te mahi, ka whakamahia he tikanga whakamātautau rua-ara. Nā te rerekētanga o te hanga muka, kāore he muka e rua e tino ōrite ana, ā, he rerekētanga tonu te whānui o te mara aratau. Nō reira, ko te uara ngaronga i inehia e te OTDR ehara i te ngaronga hono tuturu; he pai, he kino rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te toharite tātai o ngā uara whakamātautau rua-ara ka tangohia hei uara whakaiti tuturu.
I te wā e honoa ana, ka whakamahia te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu hei whakarite kia tutuki te ngaronga o te hononga i ngā whāinga whakahaere. Heoi, ko te take noa o ngā pūwāhi whakaiti nui ka puta i muri i te honoa, i te wā e rongoa ana te muka. Ka pāngia pea ētahi muka e te الضغط, he iti rawa rānei te radius piko, ka hanga he pūwāhi whakaiti teitei. Nā te mea he tino tairongo ngā muka e mahi ana i te roangaru o te 1550 nm ki te ngaronga piko-iti. Kia pēhia te muka, ka puta te piko-iti; waihoki, ki te iti rawa te radius piko i te wā e takai ana te muka, ka puta he ngaronga tohu nui i taua wāhi. I runga i te pihi whakamuri OTDR, ka puta tēnei hei taahiraa whakaiti nui.
Ko tētahi atu take e warewarehia ana ka puta i muri i te huihuinga o te katinga honohono. I te wā e whakatika ana i te katinga me te whakau i te taura, ki te kore te taura e mau pūmau ki roto i te katinga, ka takahuri pea, ka whakapēhia te āhua o ngā ngongo ārai muka. Ko te pēhanga o ngā muka ka arahi ki te pikinga tere o te ngoikore, ka puta he ngaronga hikoinga.
3. Ngā pūwāhi whakaiti teitei i puta i te wā e kawe ana me te whakahaere
Ina haria ngā taura whatu ki te papa hanga, he kino te taiao. Ina koa, i te wā e whakatakoto ana i ngā taura whakawhitiwhiti tereina, he maha ngā wā kāore e taea e ngā kerēni te tae atu ki te papa. I ēnei wā, he maha ngā wā ka utaina ā-ringa, ka tangohia hoki ngā taura. I te wā e tangohia ana ngā taura, ka ngawari te pakaru o te papa o waho o te taura. Ko tētahi take he iti rawa te diameter o te pahu taura, ka tata rawa te papa taura o waho ki te whenua. He maha ngā wā kāore i te ōrite te āhua o te whenua i ngā papa hanga, me te rerekētanga o te pakeke. I a ia e hurihuri ana i te pahu taura, ka totohu pea ki roto i te whenua, ka pakaru te taura o waho i ngā mea pakeke. Ko te take matua he iti ake ngā pahu e whakamahia ana e ētahi kaihanga hei whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ki te kore te pahu taura e tiakina tika ana ki ngā papa rakau (ko ētahi pahu he anga whakarewa, ā, kāore e taea te taupoki katoa ki te rakau), ā, ko te takai kirihou anake te mea e whakamahia ana, ki te kore rānei te hipoki tiaki e whakahokia i muri i te whakamātautau i te pahu kotahi, kāore te taura e tiakina tika ana. Ina pakaru te hipoki o waho i ngā mea pakeke pēnei i te kōhatu, ka pēhia ngā muka i roto i ngā ngongo ārai, ka hua ake he mahi whakaiti. I runga i te pihi OTDR backscatter, ka puta tēnei hei pūwāhi whakaiti nui.
4. Ngā pūwāhi whakaiti teitei i puta i te wā whakamutu
He maha hoki ngā wā ka puta he pūwāhi whakaiti teitei i te wā e whakamutua ana te taura. I te wā e whakamutua ana, kāore e mahia te aroturuki i te ngaronga o te hononga, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wheako, e whakanui ake ana i te tūponotanga o ngā pūwāhi whakaiti nui. Hei tāpiri, i muri i te hononga muka, i te wā e tāuta ana i te paepae rokiroki muka, ka piko pea ngā ngongo ārai tata ki te paepae me te iti rawa o te radius, ka piko rānei, ka hē rānei. Ka puta he whakaiti nui i aua pūwāhi.
He mea huna tonu ēnei pūwāhi whakaitiiti, ā, kāore e ngāwari te kitea pērā i ērā kei waenganui o te taura mā te whakamahi i te OTDR.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-23-2026