20 Ngā Pātai Tere me ngā Whakautu mō te muka whatu me te taura muka whatu

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te muka whatu: Ngā Pātai me ngā Whakautu Tere

Hei wāhanga nui o te muka whatu, he whānuitia ngā mōhiotanga hangarau e pā ana ki tēnei momo hua. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga ētahi ariā matua i roto i te whakatakotoranga pātai me ngā whakautu hei āwhina i a koe ki te rapu huarahi.

1. He aha ngā tawhā matua e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga tuku o tētahi hononga muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko ngā tawhā matua ko te whakaiti, te marara, te whānui o te raraunga, te roangaru tapahi, me te whānui o te mara aratau (MFD).

2. He aha te take o te ngoikore o te muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko te whakaiti i te muka whatu e pā ana ki te whakaiti i te mana whatu i waenga i ngā wāhanga whakawhiti e rua o te muka, ā, ka rerekē i runga i te roangaru. Ko ngā tino take ko te marara, te mimiti, me ngā ngaronga whatu e puta mai ana i ngā hononga me ngā hononga.

3. Me pēhea te tautuhi i te tauwehenga whakaitiiti o te muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko te whakaitiitinga ia waeine roa o tētahi muka whatu ōrite i raro i ngā āhuatanga āhua-pūmau, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te dB/km.

4. He aha ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki te haruru i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko ngā pūtake haruru ko:

• Te haruru i puta mai i te korenga o te ōwehenga mate
• Ngā rerekētanga matapōkere o te kaha whatu
• Haruru wiri wā
• Te haruru pupuhi me te haruru wera i roto i te kaiwhiwhi
• Te haruru aratau i roto i te muka
• Te haruru mai i te whānui haere o te pāorooro i puta mai i te mararatanga
• Haruru wehewehe aratau i roto i ngā taiaho taiaho (LD)
• Haruru auau o te haruru i roto i ngā LD
• Haruru i puta mai i te whakaata

5. He aha te hononga o te whānui o te muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko te whānui muka e pā ana ki te auau whakarerekētanga e heke ai te kaha o te mana whatu mā te 50% (3 dB rānei) mai i tōna uara auau-kore i roto i te mahi whakawhiti muka. He rite tonu te whānui muka ki te roa muka, ā, ka noho pūmau tonu te hua whānui-roa.

Tauira Hua: Taura Patch Muka Aratau Maha LC ki SC Duplex OM3 50/125, Koti LSZH

6. E hia ngā momo muka horapa kei reira, ā, he aha ngā hononga ki ēnei momo?

Whakautu:Kei roto i te tohatoha muka:

• Te mararatanga aratau
• Te horapa o ngā rauemi
• Te marara o te arataki ngaru (hanganga)

Ko te mararatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te pūtake whatu me te muka tonu.

7. Me pēhea te whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga marara o ngā tohu e horapa ana i roto i te muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ka taea te whakaahua i ēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā tawhā ā-tinana e toru:

• Te whakawhānui i te manawa
• Whānuitanga muka
• Tauwehenga marara

8. He aha te roangaru tapahi?

Whakautu:Ko te roangaru tapahi te roangaru poto rawa atu ka taea e te aratau taketake anake te horapa i roto i te muka. Mō ngā muka aratau-kotahi, me poto ake te roangaru tapahi i te roangaru whakahaere.

9. He aha te pānga o te horapa muka ki te mahi a te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero?

Whakautu:Ka whānui ake ngā pāoro whatu i te wā e tukuna ana te raraunga nā te mararatanga, ā, ka pā ki:

• Te tere hapa moka (BER)
• Tawhiti tuku
• Tere tuku pūnaha

10. He aha te tikanga whakamararatanga whakamuri?

Whakautu:Ka ine te tikanga whakamararatanga whakamuri i te ngoikore haere i te roanga o te muka. Ahakoa te nuinga o te mana whatu e haere whakamua ana, ka marara whakamuri tetahi wāhanga iti ki te tuku. Mā te tirotiro i te tohu whakamararatanga whakamuri i roto i te wā, ka taea te ine:

• Te roa o te muka
• Te whakaiti i te muka
• Ngā mahi hē ā-rohe
• Ngā pūwāhi pakaru
• Ngā ngaronga i ngā hononga me ngā hononga

Tauira Hua: Taura muka aratau maha MPO 24-Pin ki te 3×MPO 8-Pin OM4 50/125μm, koti LSZH, Wai

11. He aha te rohe mate OTDR, ā, he aha tōna pānga ki te whakamātautau?

Whakautu:Ka whakamahia e te OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) te mārama marara whakamuri i puta i te wā e tukuna ana te hihi whatu hei tiki i ngā mōhiohio whakaiti. Ka whakamahia hei ine i te whakaiti muka, ngā ngaronga hononga, te taunga hapa, me te tohatoha ngaronga i te taha o te hononga muka.

Ko ngā tawhā matua o te mahi OTDR ko:

• Awhe hihiri
• Te aro nui
• Whakataunga
• Te wā ine
• Rohe mate

Ko te rohe mate te wāhanga e whai ake tonu ana i tētahi huihuinga whakaata kaha e kore e taea e te OTDR te kite tika, te whakatau rānei i ngā huihuinga o muri mai. I roto i ngā whakamātautau mahi, ka whakamahia pinepine ngā muka whakarewa me ngā muka whiwhi hei whakaiti i te pānga o ngā rohe mate.

12. Me pēhea te whakarōpūtanga o ngā muka whatu i runga i te tohatoha o te taupū whakaata?

Whakautu:Ka whakarōpūtia ngā muka whatu ki:

• Ngā muka taupū-taahiraa
• Ngā muka whakarōpū-taurangi

He whāiti te whānuitanga o ngā muka taupū-taahiraa, ā, he pai mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero poto-kaha, iti-tawhiti. He whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā muka taupū-whakarōpū, ā, he pai mō ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo-kaha me te kaha-teitei.

13. Me pēhea te whakarōpūtanga o ngā muka whatu i runga i ngā momo tuku?

Whakautu:Kua wehea ngā muka ki:

Muka Aratau-Kotahi (SMF)

• Te whānui o te matua: tata ki te 1–10 μm
• Ka tautokona te aratau taketake anake
• He pai mō te tuku tawhiti, kaha teitei

Muka Aratau Maha (MMF)

• Te whānui o te matua: tata ki te 50–60 μm
• Tautoko ana i ngā momo horapa maha
• He iti ake te mahi tuku i te SMF

I roto i ngā pūnaha tiaki iahiko rerekē e whakamahi ana i ngā hongere tiaki maha-whakapūtātanga, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā muka maha-aratau i waenga i ngā taputapu tahuritanga hiko whakaahua i roto i te rūma whakawhitiwhiti me ngā taputapu tiaki i roto i te rūma whakahaere.

14. He aha te hiranga o te Aperture Tau (NA) o te muka taupū-taahiraa?

Whakautu:Ko te Pūwero Tau (NA) e tohu ana i te kaha o te muka ki te kohikohi mārama. Ko te nui ake o te NA, ko te kaha ake o te kaha o te muka ki te kohikohi mārama e haere mai ana.

15. He aha te birefringence i roto i ngā muka whatu aratau-kotahi?

Whakautu:E rua ngā momo whakapolarization orthogonal e tautokona ana e ngā muka aratau-kotahi. Mēnā kāore te muka i te tino ōrite ki te porotaka, ka rerekē ngā taupū refractive o ngā momo whakapolarization e rua. Ko te rerekētanga tino nui i waenga i ēnei taupū refractive e mōhiotia ana ko te birefringence.

Tauira Hua: Taura muka whatu aratau maha OM5 50/125, LC takirua ki te LC takirua, 5 m, Koti taura here OFNR

16. He aha ngā herenga piko mō ngā taura whatu?

Whakautu:Ko te pūtoro piko kia:

• I te iti rawa20 ngā wāte whānui o waho o te taura i raro i ngā āhuatanga pūmau
• I te iti rawa30 ngā wāte whānui o waho o te taura i te wā e tāuta ana, e nekehia ana rānei

17. He aha ngā mea hei whakaaroaro māu i roto i ngā kaupapa taura whatu ADSS?

Whakautu:E toru ngā whakaaro hangarau matua:

1. Te hoahoa ā-ringa o te taura whatu
2. Te whakatau i ngā pūwāhi whakatārewatanga
3. Te whiriwhiri me te tāuta i ngā taputapu e ōrite ana

18. He aha ngā tawhā mahi matua e rua o ngā hononga muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko ngā hononga muka whatu (e kiia ana ko ngā hononga papaki) ka arotakehia mā te:

• Ngaronga Whakaurunga (IL)
• Ngaronga Whakahoki (RL)

19. He aha te ngaronga whakaurunga i roto i te hononga muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko te ngaronga whakaurunga e pā ana ki te whakahekenga o te mana tuku whai hua i puta mai i te whakaurunga o te hononga ki te ara whatu. Ko te ngaronga whakaurunga iti ake te mea e pai ake ana. E ai ki ngā taunakitanga a ITU-T, ko te ngaronga whakaurunga kaua e neke atu i te0.5 dB.

20. He aha te ngaronga whakahoki (whakaiti whakaata) i roto i te hononga muka whatu?

Whakautu:Ko te ngaronga whakahoki e ine ana i te nui o te mana whatu whakaata e hoki mai ana mā te hongere whakauru nā ngā whakaata hononga. Ko te ngaronga whakahoki teitei e tohu ana i te mahi pai ake, me te uara noa o25 dB, neke atu rānei.