EPON（Whatunga Whatu Āhuakore Ethernet）
Ko te whatunga whatu korekore Ethernet he hangarau PON e hangai ana ki te Ethernet. Ka whakamahia e ia he hanganga tohu ki te maha-ira me te tuku muka whatu korekore, e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga maha i runga i te Ethernet. Ko te hangarau EPON kua whakapūmautia e te rōpū mahi IEEE802.3 EFM. I te Pipiri 2004, i tukuna e te rōpū mahi IEEE802.3EFM te paerewa EPON - IEEE802.3ah (i whakakotahihia ki te paerewa IEEE802.3-2005 i te tau 2005).
I roto i tēnei paerewa, ka honoa ngā hangarau Ethernet me te PON, me te hangarau PON e whakamahia ana i te paparanga ā-tinana me te kawa Ethernet e whakamahia ana i te paparanga hononga raraunga, mā te whakamahi i te āhua o te PON hei whakatutuki i te urunga Ethernet. Nō reira, ka honoa ngā painga o te hangarau PON me te hangarau Ethernet: te utu iti, te whānui o te hononga, te kaha o te tauine, te hototahi ki te Ethernet o nāianei, te whakahaere watea, me ētahi atu.
GPON (PON Kaha-Gigabit)
Ko te hangarau tēnei te whakatupuranga hou o te paerewa urunga whatu whānui kore mahi e hangai ana ki te paerewa ITU-TG.984.x, he maha ngā painga pēnei i te whānui o te hononga, te whai huatanga teitei, te whānuitanga o te rohe kapinga, me ngā atanga kaiwhakamahi whai rawa. E whakaarohia ana e te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere koinei te hangarau tino pai mō te whakatutuki i te whānui me te whakawhiti whānui o ngā ratonga whatunga urunga. I tuatahitia te whakaaro o te whakahaere FSAN ki te GPON i te marama o Hepetema 2002. I runga i tēnei, i oti i te ITU-T te whakawhanaketanga o te ITU-T G.984.1 me te G.984.2 i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2003, ā, i whakapūmautia te G.984.3 i te marama o Pēpuere me Hune 2004. Nō reira, i hangaia ai te whānau paerewa o te GPON.
I ahu mai te hangarau GPON i te paerewa hangarau ATMPON i āta whakatūria i te tau 1995, ā, ko te PON te tikanga "Passive Optical Network" i te reo Ingarihi. I tuatahitia te whakaaro o te whakahaere FSAN ki te GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) i te marama o Hepetema 2002. I runga i tēnei, i oti i te ITU-T te whakawhanake i te ITU-T G.984.1 me te G.984.2 i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2003, ā, i whakapūmautia te G.984.3 i te marama o Pēpuere me Hune 2004. Nō reira, i te mutunga ka whakatūria te whānau paerewa o te GPON. He rite te hanganga taketake o ngā taputapu e hangai ana ki te hangarau GPON ki te PON o nāianei, arā, ko te OLT (Optical Line Terminal) i te tari matua, te ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal, Optical Network Unit rānei) i te pito kaiwhakamahi, te ODN (Optical Distribution Network) e titoa ana i te muka aratau kotahi (muka SM) me te wehewehe kore mahi, me te pūnaha whakahaere whatunga e hono ana i ngā taputapu tuatahi e rua.
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te EPON me te GPON
Ka whakamahia e te GPON te hangarau whakarea wehenga roangaru (WDM) hei whakahohe i te tuku me te tango i te wā kotahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia he kawe whatu 1490nm mō te tango, ā, ka tīpakohia he kawe whatu 1310nm mō te tuku. Mena me tuku ngā tohu pouaka whakaata, ka whakamahia hoki he kawe whatu 1550nm. Ahakoa ka taea e ia ONU te whakatutuki i te tere tango o te 2.488 Gbits/s, ka whakamahia hoki e te GPON te Wā Wehenga Maha Whakauru (TDMA) hei whakarite i tētahi mokowā wā mō ia kaiwhakamahi i roto i te tohu ā-wā.
Ko te tere tango mōrahi o XGPON e tae atu ana ki te 10Gbits/s, ā, ko te tere tukuake hoki he 2.5Gbit/s. E whakamahi ana hoki i te hangarau WDM, ā, ko ngā roangaru o ngā kaikawe whatu o runga me raro ko te 1270nm me te 1577nm.
Nā te tere tuku tere ake, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā ONU maha atu i runga i te whakatakotoranga raraunga kotahi, me te tawhiti kapinga mōrahi tae atu ki te 20km. Ahakoa kāore anō kia whānuitia te whakamahi i te XGPON, he ara whakapai ake pai tēnei mō ngā kaiwhakahaere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu.
He tino hototahi te EPON ki ētahi atu paerewa Ethernet, nō reira kāore he take mō te tahuritanga, te whakakōpiritanga rānei ina honoa ki ngā whatunga Ethernet, me te kawenga mōrahi o te 1518 paita. Kāore a EPON e hiahia ki te tikanga urunga CSMA/CD i roto i ētahi putanga Ethernet. Hei tāpiri, i te mea ko te tuku Ethernet te tikanga matua o te tuku whatunga rohe, kāore he take mō te tahuritanga kawa whatunga i te wā e whakahou ana ki te whatunga rohe tāone nui.
Kei reira anō hoki tētahi putanga Ethernet 10 Gbit/s e kiia nei ko 802.3av. Ko te tere raina tuturu ko 10.3125 Gbits/s. Ko te aratau matua he tere hononga me te hononga iho 10 Gbits/s, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i te hononga iho 10 Gbits/s me te hononga ake 1 Gbit/s.
Ko te putanga Gbit/s e whakamahi ana i ngā roangaru whatu rerekē i runga i te muka, me te roangaru o raro o te 1575-1580nm me te roangaru o runga o te 1260-1280nm. Nō reira, ka taea te whakarea i te roangaru o te pūnaha 10 Gbit/s me te pūnaha paerewa 1Gbit/s ki runga i te muka kotahi.
Whakaurunga tākaro-toru
Ko te huihuinga o ngā whatunga e toru, ko te tikanga, i roto i te tukanga whanaketanga mai i te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te whatunga reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata, me te Ipurangi ki te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti whānui, te whatunga pouaka whakaata matihiko, me te Ipurangi o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, mā te panonitanga hangarau, ka rite tonu ngā mahi hangarau o ngā whatunga e toru, te whānuitanga pakihi, te hononga whatunga, te tiritiri rauemi, ā, ka taea te whakarato ratonga reo, raraunga, reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata me ētahi atu ratonga ki ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ko te whakakotahitanga toru ehara i te mea ko te whakaurunga ā-tinana o ngā whatunga matua e toru, engari ko te nuinga e pā ana ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā tono pakihi taumata-tiketike.
Ko te whakaurunga o ngā whatunga e toru e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo mara pēnei i te kawe waka atamai, te tiaki taiao, te mahi kāwanatanga, te haumaru tūmatanui, me ngā kāinga haumaru. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka taea e ngā waea pūkoro te mātaki pouaka whakaata me te tirotiro i te ipurangi, ka taea e te pouaka whakaata te waea me te tirotiro i te ipurangi, ā, ka taea hoki e ngā rorohiko te waea me te mātaki pouaka whakaata.
Ka taea te tātari ariā i te whakaurunga o ngā whatunga e toru mai i ngā tirohanga me ngā taumata rerekē, tae atu ki te whakaurunga hangarau, te whakaurunga pakihi, te whakaurunga ahumahi, te whakaurunga pūrua, me te whakaurunga whatunga.
Hangarau whānui
Ko te tinana matua o te hangarau whānui ko te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu. Ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa o te whakakotahitanga whatunga ko te whakarato ratonga kotahi mā te whatunga. Hei whakarato ratonga kotahi, me whai tūāpapa whatunga ka taea te tautoko i te tuku i ngā ratonga rongorau maha (pāpāho rere) pērā i te oro me te ataata.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ēnei pakihi ko te nui o te tono pakihi, te nui o ngā raraunga, me ngā whakaritenga kounga ratonga teitei, nō reira he nui rawa te whānui o te hononga e hiahiatia ana i te wā e tukuna ana. Hei tāpiri, mai i te tirohanga ōhanga, kaua e tino nui te utu. Nō reira, kua waiho te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu kaha-teitei me te pumau hei whiringa pai rawa atu mō ngā pāpāho tuku. Ko te whanaketanga o te hangarau whānui, inā koa ko te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti whatu, e whakarato ana i te whānui e tika ana, te kounga tuku, me te utu iti mō te tuku i ngā momo mōhiohio pakihi.
Hei pou hangarau i roto i te ao whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o nāianei, kei te whanake haere te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu i te tere o te tipu 100 ngā wā i ia 10 tau. Ko te tuku muka whatu me te kaha nui te tūāpapa tuku pai mō ngā "whatunga e toru" me te kaikawe tinana matua o te huarahi mōhiohio o te heke mai. Kua whānuitia te whakamahi i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu kaha nui i roto i ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā whatunga rorohiko, me ngā whatunga pāpāho me te pouaka whakaata.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-12-2024