1. Te Whakarōpūtanga oFiberAngā kaiwhakanui
E toru ngā momo matua o ngā whakakaha whatu:
(1) Whakakaha Whatu Ārahi-ārahi (SOA, Whakakaha Whatu Ārahi-ārahi);
(2) Ngā whakakaha muka whatu kua whakaranua ki ngā huānga whenua onge (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, me ētahi atu), ko te nuinga he whakakaha muka kua whakaranua ki te erbium (EDFA), me ngā whakakaha muka kua tāpirihia ki te thulium (TDFA) me ngā whakakaha muka kua tāpirihia ki te praseodymium (PDFA), me ētahi atu.
(3) Ngā whakakaha muka kore-raina, ko te nuinga he whakakaha muka Raman (FRA, Whakakaha Muka Raman). Kei te ripanga te whakataurite mahi matua o ēnei whakakaha whatu.
EDFA (Whakakaha muka i whakaranua ki te Erbium)
Ka taea te hanga i tētahi pūnaha taiaho maha-taumata mā te tāpiri i te muka quartz ki ngā huānga whenua onge (pēnei i te Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, me ētahi atu), ā, ka whakanuia tika te mārama tohu whakauru i raro i te mahi a te mārama papu. Whai muri i te tuku urupare tika, ka hangaia he taiaho muka. Ko te roanga ngaru mahi o te whakakaha muka kua tāpirihia ki te Nd he 1060nm me te 1330nm, ā, he iti noa iho tōna whanaketanga me tōna whakamahinga nā te peka ke mai i te tauranga totohu pai rawa atu o te whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu me ētahi atu take. Ko ngā roanga ngaru mahi o te EDFA me te PDFA kei roto i te matapihi o te ngaronga iti rawa (1550nm) me te roanga ngaru marara kore (1300nm) o te whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu, ā, ka mahi a TDFA i roto i te roopu-S, he tino pai mō ngā tono pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu. Ina koa ko te EDFA, te whanaketanga tere rawa atu, he mea whai hua.
TePte kaupapa o te EDFA
Ko te hanganga taketake o te EDFA e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1(a), he mea hanga nui mai i tētahi reo hohe (muka silica kua tāpirihia ki te erbium, tata ki te tekau mita te roa, me te diameter matua o te 3-5 microns me te kukū tāpiri o te (25-1000)x10-6), te pūtake rama papu (990, 1480nm LD rānei), te hononga whatu me te wehewehe whatu. Ka taea e te rama tohu me te rama papu te horapa i te ahunga kotahi (pumping codirection), ngā ahunga rerekē (pumping whakamuri) ngā ahunga e rua rānei (pumping bidirectional) i roto i te muka erbium. Ina werohia te rama tohu me te rama papu ki roto i te muka erbium i te wā kotahi, ka whakaohokia ngā katote erbium ki te taumata pūngao teitei i raro i te mahi a te rama papu (Pikitia 1(b), he pūnaha taumata-toru), ā, ka tere te pirau ki te taumata pūngao pumau, ina hoki ki te āhua whenua i raro i te mahi a te rama tohu taupatupatu, ka tukuna e ia ngā photon e rite ana ki te rama tohu, kia whakanuia ai te tohu. Ko te Pikitia 1 (c) ko tōna whānuitanga tukunga ā-pūngao (ASE) kua whakanuia me te whānui o te whānuitanga (tae atu ki te 20-40nm) me ngā tihi e rua e rite ana ki te 1530nm me te 1550nm.
Ko ngā painga matua o te EDFA ko te nui o te whiwhinga, te whānui o te hononga, te mana putanga teitei, te pai o te papu, te iti o te ngaronga whakaurunga, me te kore e aro ki te āhua polarization.
2. Ngā raruraru o ngā whakakaha muka whatu
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga nui o te whakakaha whatu (ina koa ko te EDFA), ehara i te mea he whakakaha tino pai. Haunga te haruru tāpiri e whakaiti ana i te SNR o te tohu, kei reira ētahi atu ngoikoretanga, pēnei i:
- Ka pāngia te mahi whakanui maha-hongere e te kore taurite o te whānuitanga whakanui i roto i te whānui o te whakakaha;
- Ina whakarārangihia ngā whakakaha whatu, ka kohikohi ngā pānga o te haruru ASE, te marara muka me ngā pānga kore-raina.
Me whai whakaaro ki ēnei take i roto i te hoahoa tono me te pūnaha.
3. Te Whakamahinga o te Whakakaha Whatu i roto i te Pūnaha Whakawhitiwhiti Muka Whatu
I roto i te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero muka whatu, ko teWhakakaha muka whatuKāore e taea te whakamahi hei whakanui i te mana o te tuku oro hei whakanui ake i te mana tuku, engari hei whakakaha mua hoki o te kaiwhiwhi hei whakapai ake i te aro o te kaiwhiwhi, ā, ka taea hoki te whakakapi i te pūrua whatu-hiko-whatu tuku iho, hei whakaroa i te tawhiti tuku me te whakatutuki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu-katoa.
I roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu, ko ngā mea matua e whakawhāiti ana i te tawhiti tuku ko te ngaronga me te marara o te muka whatu. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūtake mārama whāiti-whāiti, te mahi tata rānei ki te roangaru marara kore, he iti noa te awe o te marara muka. Kāore e hiahiatia ana e tēnei pūnaha te mahi i te whakahoutanga wā tohu katoa (3R relay) i ia teihana relay. He rawaka noa te whakanui tika i te tohu whatu me tētahi whakakaha whatu (1R relay). Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakakaha whatu ehara i te mea i roto i ngā pūnaha pūrua tawhiti anake engari i roto hoki i ngā whatunga tohatoha muka whatu, inā koa i roto i ngā pūnaha WDM, hei whakanui i ngā hongere maha i te wā kotahi.
1) Te Whakamahinga o ngā Whakakaha Whatu i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakawhitiwhiti Muka Whatu o te Take
Ko te Pikitia 2 he hoahoa kauwhata o te whakamahinga o te whakakaha whatu i roto i te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu matua. (a) e whakaatu ana te pikitia kei te whakamahia te whakakaha whatu hei whakakaha whakanui mana o te tuku me te whakakaha mua o te kaiwhiwhi kia rua te tawhiti kore-whakawhiti. Hei tauira, mā te tango i te EDFA, te tuku pūnaha Ka piki ake te tawhiti o te 1.8Gb/s mai i te 120km ki te 250km, ka tae rānei ki te 400km. Ko te Pikitia 2 (b)-(d) te whakamahinga o ngā whakakaha whatu i roto i ngā pūnaha maha-whakawhiti; Ko te Pikitia (b) te aratau whakawhiti 3R tuku iho; Ko te Pikitia (c) te aratau whakawhiti whakauru o ngā tukurua 3R me ngā whakakaha whatu; Pikitia 2 (d) He aratau whakawhiti whatu-katoa; i roto i te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti whatu-katoa, kāore i roto ko ngā ara iahiko wā me te whakahoutanga, nō reira he mārama-moka, ā, kāore he herenga "ngāwari pounamu hiko". Mena ka whakakapia ngā taputapu tuku me te whiwhi i ngā pito e rua, he ngāwari te whakapai ake mai i te tere iti ki te tere teitei, ā, kāore e hiahiatia te whakakapi i te whakakaha whatu.
2) Te Whakamahinga o te Whakakaha Whatu i roto i te Whatunga Tohatoha Muka Whatu
He tino whai hua ngā painga o te putanga mana teitei o ngā whakakaha whatu (ina koa ko te EDFA) i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha whānui (pēnei iCATV(Whatunga). Ka whakamahia e te whatunga CATV tuku iho te taura coaxial, me whakanui ake i ia rau mita, ā, ko te radius ratonga o te whatunga he 7km pea. E kore e taea e te whatunga muka whatu CATV e whakamahi ana i ngā whakakaha whatu te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi tohatoha, engari ka whakawhānui ake hoki i te ara whatunga. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whanaketanga tata nei ko te tohatoha o te muka whatu/ranu (HFC) e kukume ana i ngā kaha o ngā mea e rua, ā, he kaha te whakataetae.
Ko te Pikitia 4 he tauira o tētahi whatunga tohatoha muka whatu mō te whakarerekētanga AM-VSB o ngā hongere pouaka whakaata 35. Ko te pūtake mārama o te tuku ko DFB-LD me te roanga ngaru o te 1550nm me te mana putanga o te 3.3dBm. Mā te whakamahi i te EDFA taumata-4 hei whakakaha tohatoha mana, ko tōna mana whakauru he tata ki te -6dBm, ā, ko tōna mana putanga he tata ki te 13dBm. Ko te aro o te kaiwhiwhi whatu he -9.2d Bm. I muri i ngā taumata tohatoha e 4, kua eke te tapeke o ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te 4.2 miriona, ā, neke atu i te tekau kiromita te ara whatunga. Ko te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru taumaha o te whakamātautau he nui ake i te 45dB, ā, kāore te EDFA i whakaiti i te CSO.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-23-2023