I tēnei wā o te tere whanaketanga o te ipurangi, kua uru te hangarau urunga muka whatu ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o tō tātou oranga. He mea nui te hononga whatunga pumau me te tere-teitei ahakoa kei te pai koe ki te mātaki i ngā whakaaturanga pouaka whakaata, ki te tākaro kēmu i te kāinga, ki te whakahaere pai rānei i ngā momo pakihi i roto i te umanga. I roto i ngā hangarau maha mō te urunga muka whatu, ko te EPON me te GPON ngā mea tino pai. I tēnei rā, kia rukuhia ngātahitia ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ēnei hangarau e rua.
Te Pūtake o te Hangarau me te Kawa Paerewa
EPON, ka whakawhanakehia te whatunga whatu Ethernet kore mahi i runga i te hangarau Ethernet. E whai ana i te paerewa IEEE 802.3ah. Ka whakatūhia e tēnei paerewa he hononga tūturu, tata hoki i waenga i te EPON me te Ethernet, nā te mea ka tangohia tika te whakatakotoranga anga o te Ethernet, he rite tonu ki te whakatakoto i te Ethernet ki runga i te "papa" o te urunga muka whatu. Mō te hunga kua mōhio kē ki te hangarau Ethernet, ko te tiaki taputapu EPON, te whakahaere whatunga, me ētahi atu mahi he rite ki te mahi i roto i tētahi mara kua mōhiotia, he ngāwari ki te ako me te ngāwari ki te mārama. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi whatunga puni kua whānuitia te whakatakoto i ngā raina Ethernet, ki te hiahiatia te whakapai ake ki te urunga muka whatu, ka taea e te hangarau EPON te whakatutuki i te whakaurunga pai ki ngā taputapu Ethernet o nāianei.
GPON, Ko te paerewa mō ngā Whatunga Whatu Gigabit Passive ko te raupapa ITU-T G.984. E whakamahi ana i tētahi kawa whakakī matatini ake, matatau ake hoki – GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method). He rite te GEM ki tētahi "pouaka rokiroki" atamai e taea ai te whakarite me te tākai i ngā momo rerenga pakihi. Nā tēnei ka tino pai te mahi a te GPON ki te kawe pakihi, ahakoa he waea reo, he tuku raraunga nui, he purei ataata whakamāramatanga teitei rānei, ka taea e te GPON te whakautu ngāwari me te whakahaere ngāwari i aua mea. I roto i tētahi whatunga urunga ratonga whakauru e whakarato ana i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te urunga Ipurangi, IPTV me ngā ratonga VoIP i te wā kotahi, ka taea e te GPON te whakahaere me te tuku i ēnei momo rerenga ratonga rerekē i roto i tētahi huarahi tika nā runga i ōna kaha urutau ratonga kaha, kia taea ai e ia ratonga te mahi pumau me te whai hua.
Tere me te whai huatanga o te whānui o te hononga
He ōrite te auau o te hononga ake me te hononga iho o te EPON, ko te auau noa he 1.25Gbps. Heoi, i roto i te tukanga tuku whatunga tūturu, nā te nui o te utu o ngā anga Ethernet, pērā i ngā mōhiohio whakahaere maha e haria ana i te tīmatanga me te mutunga o te anga, ahakoa he mea nui ēnei mōhiohio mō te tuku tika me te tukatuka raraunga, kei roto hoki i a rātou ētahi rauemi whānui, ā, ko te mutunga iho he iti ake te whānui whai hua e whakamahia ana mō te tuku raraunga kaiwhakamahi i te 1.25Gbps noa iho.
He tino pai ake te tere o te GPON, me te tere whakaheke tae atu ki te 2.488Gbps me te tere whakaheke o te 1.244Gbps, 2.488Gbps rānei. Ko te roa o te anga o te GPON he 125 μs, ā, he pūnaha tohatoha whānui whai hua kei roto. Pērā i te huarahi tere, kāore te GPON e whakawhānui noa i ngā ara, engari e arotau ana hoki i ngā ture tuku waka, e āhei ai ngā waka (raraunga) ki te haere maeneene me te whai hua. Nō reira, he pai ake te pai o te whānui o te whānui o te GPON i te EPON, ā, ka taea e ia te tuku raraunga i roto i te wā kotahi.
Tauwehenga āwhata
He tohu nui te ōwehenga wehewehe hei ine i te kaha hipoki o te hangarau urunga muka whatu me te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi e mau ana. E pā ana tēnei ki te ōwehenga o ngā waeine whatunga whatu (ONU) ka taea e te pūrua raina whatu (OLT) te hono atu.
Ko te ōwehenga wehewehe o te EPON he 1:32 te nuinga, ā, mā te arotautanga motuhake, ka taea te eke ki te 1:64. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, i roto i te whatunga EPON, ka taea e te taputapu OLT kotahi te hono atu ki te 32, ā, i ngā wā tino kino, ka taea e te 64 ngā pūrua kaiwhakamahi ONU. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanganga urunga muka whatu i roto i te rohe noho, ki te whakamahia te hangarau EPON, ā, ko te ōwehenga wehewehe he 1:32, ka taea e te taputapu OLT kotahi te whakarato ratonga urunga whatunga ki te 32 ngā whare anake.
He nui ake te painga o te GPON mō te ōwehenga wehewehe, tae atu ki te 1:64 te ōwehenga wehewehe, ā, ahakoa i roto i ētahi taiao whatunga kua āta hangaia, kua arotauhia hoki, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i te ōwehenga wehewehe o te 1:128. Nā te ōwehenga wehewehe nui ake ka pai ake te mahi a te GPON mō te whānuitanga o te kapinga me te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi hono. Hei tauira, nā te whānui o te rohe whenua me te horapa o ngā kaiwhakamahi, ki te whakamahia te hangarau GPON, mā te whakamahi i ōna āhuatanga ōwehenga whatu teitei, ka taea e tētahi taputapu OLT te whakarato ratonga ki te maha atu o ngā kaiwhakamahi, ka whakaiti nui i ngā utu haumi taputapu, ka whakaiti hoki i te uaua o te hanganga me te tiaki whatunga.
Te utu me te hototahi o ngā taputapu
He pai ngā utu o ngā taputapu EPON nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana rātou ki te hangarau Ethernet kua pakeke. He iti te utu o ngā taputapu, he mea tino pai mō ngā kaupapa hanga whatunga he iti ngā tahua me te aro ki ngā utu. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanganga whatunga o ētahi umanga iti, i ngā kaupapa whakahou whatunga rānei o ngā wāhi noho tawhito, nā te iti o ngā moni, ka taea te whakaata katoa i te painga iti o ngā taputapu EPON. Heoi anō, nā te hototahitanga pai i waenga i te EPON me te Ethernet, ka taea e ngā taputapu EPON te whakauru ngāwari ki ngā taputapu whatunga o nāianei i roto i te taiao e whakamahia whānuitia ana te Ethernet, me te kore e hiahiatia he whakakapinga taputapu nui, ka whakaitihia te utu o ngā whakapainga whatunga.
Nā te uaua o te hangarau o ngā taputapu GPON, he nui ngā utu rangahau me te hanga mō ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i ngā maramara, ā, he nui hoki ngā utu taputapu katoa. Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā taputapu GPON, me ā rātou mahi kaha me ngā āheinga tautoko pakihi nui, he uara ahurei i roto i ētahi āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te mahi whatunga tino teitei me te kanorau pakihi. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā whare arumoni nui, me tutuki i te wā kotahi ngā hiahia urunga whatunga tere-teitei o te tini o ngā kaihokohoko, te whakarato ratonga whatunga ahokore pumau mō ngā kiritaki, me te whakatutuki i ngā mahi pakihi rerekē pēnei i te whakahaere whare atamai. Ka taea e ngā taputapu GPON te whakarato tautoko pono mō ēnei hiahia pakihi uaua me ā rātou mahi tino pai me te ngāwari.
Wā tuku: 17 Paenga-whāwhā 2025