Ka taea e te rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga muka whatu te mimiti i te pūngao mārama. I muri i te mimitinga o te pūngao mārama e ngā matūriki i roto i ngā rauemi muka whatu, ka puta te wiri me te wera, ka marara te pūngao, ka mutu ka ngaro te mimiti.Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga te ngaronga mimiti o ngā rauemi muka whatu.
E mōhio ana tātou he mea tito te matū mai i ngā ngota me ngā ngota, ā, he mea tito ngā ngota mai i ngā karihi ngota me ngā irahiko i waho o te karihi, e hurihuri ana i te karihi ngota i roto i tētahi porowhita. He rite tonu tēnei ki te Ao e noho nei tātou, me ngā aorangi pērā i a Tāwhiurangi me Māte, e hurihuri katoa ana i te Rā. He nui te kaha o ia irahiko, ā, kei roto i tētahi porowhita, arā, he taumata kaha o ia porowhita.
He iti iho ngā taumata pūngao porowhita e tata ana ki te karihi ngota, he teitei ake ia ngā taumata pūngao porowhita e tawhiti atu ana i te karihi ngota.Ko te rahi o te rerekētanga taumata pūngao i waenga i ngā porowhita e kiia ana ko te rerekētanga taumata pūngao. Ina neke ngā irahiko mai i te taumata pūngao iti ki te taumata pūngao teitei, me mimiti e rātou te pūngao i te rerekētanga taumata pūngao e rite ana.
I roto i ngā muka whatu, ina whitia ngā irahiko i tētahi taumata pūngao ki te mārama o te roanga ngaru e rite ana ki te rerekētanga taumata pūngao, ka huri ngā irahiko kei runga i ngā porowhita pūngao iti ki ngā porowhita he nui ake ngā taumata pūngao.Ka mimiti te hiko o te mārama i tēnei irahiko, ka ngaro te mimiti o te mārama.
Ko te rauemi matua mō te hanga muka whatu, ko te hauhā silicon (SiO2), ka mimiti i te mārama, ko tētahi e kiia ana ko te mimiti ultraviolet, ko tētahi e kiia ana ko te mimiti infrared. I tēnei wā, ko te whakawhitiwhiti muka whatu te tikanga ka mahi noa i roto i te awhe roanga ngaru o te 0.8-1.6 μm, nō reira ka matapakihia noa e tātou ngā ngaronga i roto i tēnei wāhanga mahi.
Ko te tihi mimiti i puta mai i ngā whakawhiti hiko i roto i te karāhe kuata kei te 0.1-0.2 μm te roangaru i te rohe ultraviolet. I te pikinga ake o te roangaru, ka heke haere tōna mimiti, engari he whānui te rohe e pāngia ana, ka eke ki ngā roangaru neke atu i te 1 μm. Heoi, he iti noa te pānga o te mimiti UV ki ngā muka whatu kuata e mahi ana i te rohe infrared. Hei tauira, i te rohe mārama kitea i te roangaru o te 0.6 μm, ka taea e te mimiti ultraviolet te eke ki te 1dB/km, ka heke ki te 0.2-0.3dB/km i te roangaru o te 0.8 μm, ā, tata ki te 0.1dB/km anake i te roangaru o te 1.2 μm.
Ko te ngaronga mimiti o te muka kuata i roto i te hihi whero-whero ka puta mai i te wiri ngota o te rauemi i roto i te rohe whero-whero. He maha ngā tihi mimiti wiri i roto i te awhe auau i runga ake i te 2 μm. Nā te awe o ngā momo huānga tāpiri i roto i ngā muka whatu, kāore e taea e ngā muka kuata te whai matapihi ngaronga iti i roto i te awhe auau i runga ake i te 2 μm. Ko te ngaronga rohe ariā i te roanga ngaru o te 1.85 μm ko ldB/km.I roto i ngā rangahau, i kitea anō hoki kei reira ētahi "ngota whakangaro" e whakararuraru ana i te karāhe quartz, ko te nuinga he paru whakarewa whakawhiti kino pērā i te parahi, te rino, te chromium, te manganese, me ētahi atu. Ka mimiti kaha ēnei "tangata kino" i te kaha mārama i raro i te māramatanga o te mārama, ka pekepeke haere, ka ngaro te kaha mārama. Mā te whakakore i ngā "kaiwhakararuraru" me te pure matū i ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga muka whatu ka tino whakaiti i ngā ngaronga.
Ko tētahi atu pūtake mimiti i roto i ngā muka whatu kuata ko te wāhanga hauwai (OH-). Kua kitea e toru ngā tihi mimiti o te hauwai i roto i te awhi mahi o te muka, arā, 0.95 μm, 1.24 μm, me te 1.38 μm. I roto i ēnei, ko te ngaronga mimiti i te roangaru o te 1.38 μm te mea tino kino, ā, he nui rawa te pānga ki te muka. I te roangaru o te 1.38 μm, ko te ngaronga tihi mimiti i hangaia e ngā katote hauwai me te ihirangi o te 0.0001 anake e eke ana ki te 33dB/km.
Nō hea ēnei iona hauwai? He maha ngā pūtake o ngā iona hauwai. Tuatahi, kei roto i ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga muka whatu he makuku me ngā matū hauwai, he uaua ki te tango i te wā e purea ana ngā rauemi mata, ā, i te mutunga ka noho tonu hei iona hauwai i roto i ngā muka whatu; Tuarua, he iti noa te makuku kei roto i ngā matū hauwai me te hāora e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga muka whatu; Tuatoru, ka puta te wai i te wā e hanga ana i ngā muka whatu nā ngā tauhohenga matū; Ko te tuawhā ko te urunga mai o te hau o waho ka kawea mai te mamaoa wai. Heoi, kua whanake te tukanga hanga ki tētahi taumata nui, ā, kua whakaitihia te nui o ngā iona hauwai ki tētahi taumata iti rawa, ā, ka taea te wareware i tōna pānga ki ngā muka whatu.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-23-2025