Ki te kīanga whānui, ko te whakaurunga oWhatunga tākaro-toruKo te tikanga, ka taea e ngā whatunga matua e toru o te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te whatunga rorohiko me te whatunga pouaka whakaata taura te whakarato ratonga whakawhitiwhiti rongorau whānui tae atu ki te reo, te raraunga me ngā whakaahua mā te whakawhiti hangarau. He kupu whānui, he kupu pāpori hoki a Sanhe. I tēnei wā, e pā ana ki te "ira" i roto i te tuku pāho ki te "kanohi", te "ira" i roto i te tuku whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te "ira", me te rorohiko. Ko te whakaurunga rokiroki e neke ana i te wā ki roto i te whatunga hei pai ake te mahi ki te tangata, ehara i te mea ko te whakaurunga ā-tinana o ngā whatunga matua e toru o ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā whatunga rorohiko, me ngā whatunga pouaka whakaata taura, engari ko te nuinga e pā ana ki te whakaurunga o ngā tono pakihi taumata-tiketike. Whai muri i te "whakaurunga o te Whatunga Takaro-Tokotoru", ka taea e te tangata te whakamahi i te mana mamao pouaka whakaata ki te waea, te mātakitaki i ngā whakaari pouaka whakaata i runga i ā rātou waea pūkoro, te whiriwhiri i ngā whatunga me ngā pūrua e hiahiatia ana, me te whakaoti i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te pouaka whakaata, me te urunga Ipurangi mā te kukume noa i te aho, te urunga ahokore rānei.
Ngā Arawhata e Toru o te Whanaketanga FTTx
E toru ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o te FTTx o Haina. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi mai i te tau 2005 ki te 2007. Kei roto tēnei wāhanga i te wāhanga whakamātautau. I te tau 2005, i tīmata a China Telecom i ngā whakamātautau muka-ki-te-kāinga EPON i Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, me Wuhan hei manatoko i te pakeketanga o teEPONpūnaha me te tūhura i ngā wheako hanga. I tēnei wā, kua whakahaerehia e China Netcom, China Mobile, me ētahi atu ngā whakamātautau me ngā tono whakamātautau i runga i te pūnaha PON. He tino iti te tauine hanga o te FTTx i tēnei wā.
Ko te wāhanga tuarua mai i te tau 2008 ki te 2009, he wāhanga whakatinanatanga nui. Whai muri i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau me te rangahau. Kua mōhio a China Telecom ki te pakari me te mahi a te pūnaha EPON, ā, i taua wā anō i tūhuratia he huinga tauira hanga FTTx, ā, kua whakatūria ngā tauira hanga o te FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL. Ko te mea nui ake, nā te utu nui o ngā taura parahi i taua wā, he nui ake te painga o te utu o te tauira hanganga FTTB i te utu hanganga o te whakatakoto taura parahi. He pai ake te whānui me te tauine o te whatunga FTTB i tērā o te whatunga urunga taura parahi. Nō reira, i te mutunga o te tau 2007, i whakatau a China Telecom ki te whakamahi i te FTTB+LAN mō te whakatinanatanga nui ki ngā wāhi hou o te tāone, te whakahaere i te whakawhiti whakauru whatu FTTB+DSL me te whakaputanga parahi ki ngā wāhi o nāianei, me te whakamutu katoa i te whakatakoto whatunga taura parahi hou. I tēnei wā, ko te whakatinanatanga nui o te FTTB nā te pai ake o te mahi utu.
I tīmata te wāhanga tuatoru i te tau 2010, ā, ka uru atu a FTTx ki tētahi wāhanga hou o te whanaketanga. I te tīmatanga o te tau 2010, i whakahaere a Pirimia Wen Jiabao o te Kaunihera ā-Motu i tētahi hui whakahaere a te Kaunihera ā-Motu, ā, i whakatau ia kia tere ake te whakaurunga o te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te whatunga reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata me te Ipurangi. E hiahiatia ana kia tere ake te hanganga o te whatunga urunga whānui muka-whatu me te whakawhiti rua-ara o ngā whatunga reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata, ā, me whakatuwhera ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata i ō rātou mākete ki a rātou anō, kia whakataetae hoki. Nā te "whakaurunga takaro-toru" i whakauru mai he kaiwhakataetae hou me ngā mara whakataetae hou ki te umanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero katoa.
I te marama o Āperira, e whitu ngā minitatanga me ngā komihana, tae atu ki te Manatū Ahumahi me te Hangarau Mōhiohio me te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga ā-Motu, i whakaputa ngātahi i ngā "Whakaaro mō te Whakatairanga i te Hanganga o ngā Whatunga Whatunga Muka Whatu", e tono ana kia tere ake te hanga o te whatunga whatu muka whatu i ngā kaiwhakahaere waea, me te tere ake te whakatinanatanga o te whatunga whatu muka whatu i roto i ngā tāone me ngā kāinga i ngā taiwhenua. E kī ana ngā "Whakaaro" i te tau 2011, ka neke atu te maha o ngā tauranga whatu muka whatu i te 80 miriona, ka eke te kaha urunga toharite o ngā kaiwhakamahi tāone nui ki te 8 Mbit/s, ka eke te kaha urunga toharite o ngā kaiwhakamahi taiwhenua ki te 2 Mbit/s, ā, ka eke te kaha urunga toharite o ngā kaiwhakamahi whare arumoni ki te neke atu i te 100 Mbit/s. I roto i ngā tau e 3, ka neke atu te haumitanga ki te hanganga whatunga whatu muka whatu i te 150 piriona yuan, ā, ka neke atu te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi whatu hou i te 50 miriona.
I te taha o te mahere hanga NGB i tukuna i mua ake nei e te Tari Reo Irirangi, Kiriata me te Pouaka Whakaata a te Kāwanatanga, me eke te whānui o te urunga o ia whare ki te 40Mbit/s. Ko te whakataetae i whakaurua mai e te "takaro-toru" kua āta arotahi ki te whakataetae o te whānui o te urunga. Kua whakaae katoa ngā kaiwhakahaere waea me ngā kaiwhakahaere reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata ki te FTTx hei hangarau pai mō te hanga whatunga urunga tere-teitei. Nā tēnei ka huri te whanaketanga o te FTTx mai i te take utu ki te take whakataetae mākete. Kua uru te whanaketanga o te FTTx ki tētahi wāhanga hou.
Mai i tētahi atu tirohanga, nā te whakatinanatanga whānui me te pakeke o te FTTx ki Haina i whakapono ai te whenua, mai i te tirohanga hangarau me te mekameka ahumahi, he pūtake hangarau me te pūtake rauemi hei whakatere i te "whakaurunga whatunga takitoru". I runga i te hiahia ki te whakawhānui i te tono ā-rohe me te whakarei ake i te taumata o te hangarau mōhiohio o tōku whenua, i whakarewahia e te whenua te rautaki ā-motu o te "whakaurunga o te Whatunga Takitoru-tākaro" i te wā tika. Ka taea te kī he hononga tata tetahi ki tetahi i waenga i te whanaketanga o te umanga FTTx o Haina me te rautaki ā-motu o te "whakaurunga o te Whatunga Takitoru-tākaro".
"Te tākaro takitoru" e whakaoho ana i ngā whakaaro auaha mō te whakawhanaketanga FTTx
muka-ki-te-x (FTTx) urunga muka (FTTx, x = H mō te kāinga, P mō ngā whare, C mō te taha o te huarahi me te N mō te pūnga, te rohe rānei) kei reira te muka FTTH ki te kāinga, te muka FTTP ki te whare, te muka FTTC ki te taha o te rori/hapori, te muka FTTN ki te pūnga. Ko te muka-ki-te-kāinga (FTTH) he moemoeā me te huarahi hangarau kua whaia e te tangata mō ngā tau 20, engari nā ngā arai o te utu, te hangarau, me te tono, kāore anō kia whānuitia te whakatairanga me te whakawhanake. Heoi, kua tino rerekē tēnei tere puhoi o te ahunga whakamua. Nā te tautoko kaupapa here me te whanaketanga hangarau, kua noho anō te FTTH hei wāhi wera i muri i ngā tau maha o te noho puku, e tomo ana ki tētahi wā tere o te whanaketanga. Ko te whakamarie me te ngāwari o te oranga i kawea mai e ngā tono whānui e pā ana pērā i te VoIP, te kēmu-ipurangi, te ako-e, te MOD (Multimedia on Demand) me te kāinga atamai, me te mātakitaki tauwhitiwhiti-teitei i puta mai i te HDTV. Kua hanga e te huringa te muka whatu me ngā āhuatanga pai pērā i te whānui teitei, te kaha nui, me te ngaronga iti hei whiringa kore e taea te karo mō te reo e tuku raraunga ana ki te kiritaki. Nā tēnei, he tokomaha ngā tāngata whai whakaaro nui e whakaaro ana ki te FTTx (ina koa ko te muka-ki-te-kāinga me te muka-ki-te-whare) hei tino huringa nui i roto i te whakaoranga o te mākete whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu. Ā, e matapaetia ana ka nui ake te whanaketanga o te whatunga FTTH i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei.
Kei te whakamahere a China Telecom ki te hanga i te 1 miriona whatunga FTTH i te tau 2010. Kua whakaarohia hoki e Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Wuhan me ētahi atu kawanatanga me ngā tāone nui ngā ratonga whānui tere-tere pēnei i te urunga 20Mbit/s. E taea te matapae ka noho te aratau hanga FTTH (muka-ki-te-kāinga) hei aratau hanga FTTx matua mai i te tau 2011. Ka whānui haere hoki te tauine o te umanga FTTx. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata, i muri i te "whakaurunga whatunga-toru", ko te huarahi tere ki te whakahaere i te whakawhiti-rua-ara o te whatunga o nāianei me te whakawhanake i ngā ratonga hou pēnei i te pouaka whakaata tauwhitiwhiti, te urunga Ipurangi whānui, me te urunga reo te mea nui. Heoi, nā te kore o ngā pūtea, te hangarau, me ngā pūkenga, kāore e taea te whakapau moni nui ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kounga teitei. Ka taea noa e tātou te whakamahi i ngā rauemi whatunga o nāianei, te whakamahi i ngā pūmanawa, me te hanga mārire.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-27-2023